Aim: To evaluate the outcome of vital root resection in comparison to root resection with root canal treatment by performing a randomized clinical trial. The hypothesis was that vital root resection has no difference in success compared to root resection with root canal treatment. Material and methods: After power analysis, the plan was to enrol 54 patients with vital pulp and furcation involvement grade II and III and to divide them to three treatment groups: group 1; open flap and debridement, group 2; vital root resection and group 3; root canal treatment after the vital root resection. Pulp vitality was evaluated by visual bleeding during the root resection. The outcome was evaluated with absence/presence of symptoms, radiographic radiolucency and response to sensitivity tests (cold and electrical pulp test). The teeth was to be evaluated at 6 months, 1, 2, 5 and 10 years. Results: This interim report includes two teeth which underwent vital root resection. Both teeth responded to cold and electrical pulp tests with no clinical or radiographic signs of periapical radiolucencies. This was evaluated after 1 year for one tooth and 2 years for the other tooth. None of the other intervention groups was evaluated at this point. Conclusion: At this point, no conclusions can be drawn. The recruitment of patients is ongoing.