Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the evidence for diagnostic accuracy of clinical methods to assess bone density, bone quantity or bone quality prior to and during dental implant placement. Methods: A PubMed literature search with specific indexing terms and a hand search were made. Three reviewers read retrieved titles and abstracts using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included articles were read in full text and data extracted. Then, relevant original studies were assessed with the aid of QUADAS (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) tool. Results: The literature search yielded 145 titles, of which 71 were selected based on including/excluding criteria and read in full text. After that only 13 original studies, which elucidated the efficacy of clinical methods, remained. Six studies presented the results of the test method as compared to those of a reference method. Four presented their results as diagnostic accuracy expressed as relevant measures. Diagnostic imaging methods were the only method used to assess bone tissue prior to implant placement. The other clinical methods reviewed evaluated the bone tissue but at the time of implant placement. Conclusions: Considering the few number of original studies that had a reference method, there is insufficient evidence for the diagnostic accuracy of clinical methods to assess bone density, bone quantity and bone quality prior to or during endosseous dental implant placement.