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Nyanlända flyktingars upplevelse av hälsa under etableringen i Sverige: Delrapport från MILSA 2.0
Malmö University, Faculty of Health and Society (HS), Department of Care Science (VV). Malmö University, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM). (MILSA 2.0)
Malmö University, Faculty of Health and Society (HS), Department of Care Science (VV).ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0077-9061
Malmö University, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM). Malmö University, Faculty of Health and Society (HS), Department of Care Science (VV). (MILSA 2.0)
2020 (Swedish)Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
Abstract [sv]

Bakgrund

Migration överlag är en faktor som kan leda till ökade stressnivåer bland migranter vilket ofta kan bero på de omständigheter som förekommit kring själva flykten. Efter att de nyanlända anlänt till värdlandet väntar ofta en period av osäker väntan på uppehållstillstånd vilket har tydligt visat sig korrelera negativt med den psykiska hälsan. I samband med beviljat uppehållstillstånd påbörjas en rad stödinsatser för etablering i samhället. I Sverige erbjuds alla nyanlända att delta i etableringsprocessen vilken innebär ett individanpassat stöd för den nyanländes etablering i samhället. En grundförutsättning för ett aktivt deltagande i etableringsprocessen är en god hälsa samt en stabil tillvaro i form av en trygg boendesituation. En särskilt utsatt grupp bland de nyanlända är familjer med barn där utmaningarna med etableringen är betydligt mer skiftande jämfört med de ensamstående. Dessutom utgör nyanlända kvinnor av olika anledningar en särskilt utsatt grupp. Det är därmed av vikt att närmare belysa hur de nyanlända familjerna och särskilt de nyanlända kvinnorna ser på sin hälsa och sin situation under etableringsprocessen i Sverige.

Syfte

Syftet med studien var att belysa nyanlända familjers upplevelse av hälsa under det att de deltar i etableringsprocessen samt att särskilt belysa nyanlända kvinnors situation under etableringen.

Material och metod

Föreliggande rapport utgörs av två delstudier genomförda med kvalitativ forskningsmetod. Båda delstudierna har baserats på insamlat material genom kvalitativa intervjuer. Intervjuerna har baserats på semi-strukturerade frågescheman som innebär att ett antal övergripande frågor eller teman använts som utgångspunkt vid intervjuerna. Totalt genomfördes 26 intervjuer varav 15 med fokus på familjer och 11 med fokus på kvinnornas situation. Det insamlade materialet har i den första delstudien bearbetats med Attride-Stirlings metod i form av ett tematiskt nätverk och i den andra delstudien med Burnards metod för innehållsanalys. Eftersom det förekommer svårigheter med språket så tidigt inpå flykten till Sverige genomfördes intervjuerna med hjälp av auktoriserade tolkar. Alla intervjuer utfördes i Skåne län.

Slutsats

Nyanlända familjer i etableringen kämpade med väntan på ett erhålla uppehållstillstånd och utmanades även av att hitta ett stabilt boende för sina familjer. Barnen trivdes bra i skolan och föräldrarna drevs av att lära sig det svenska språket samt att komma in på arbetsmarknaden. Detta upplevdes dock10som en utmaning. En del av föräldrarna led även av att ha familjemedlemmar kvar i hemlandet och utmanades av den nya sociala situationen i Sverige. Vad gäller kvinnornas situation specifikt framkom det att återföreningen med familjemedlemmar var viktig eftersom saknaden efter dem ansågs kunna påverka den psykiska hälsan negativt. Kvinnorna i studien verkade vara ivriga till att lära sig språket och att komma in på arbetsmarknaden.Sammanfattningsvis är det viktigt att påpeka att föreliggande undersökning avsåg att studera upplevelsen av hälsa men att detta tema av respondenterna besvarades i relation till hälsans bestämningsfaktorer såsom arbetslöshet, delaktighet och svenskt socialt nätverk samt trygg boendesituation.

Abstract [en]

BackgroundMigration in general is a factor that could lead to increased stress-levels among migrants, which is often caused by different circumstances that have occurred before the migration. After their arrival in a host country, a period of uncertainty occurs for asylum seekers. This results from waiting for their asylum claim to be assessed. Prolonged waiting for permission to stay correlate negatively in relation with mental health. In Sweden, all newly arrived migrants are invited to participate in an establishment process, which means individually developed support for the newly arrived persons to settle and begin to integrate. However, a foundation for being able to actively participate in the establishment process is a good health as well as stable and safe housing. A special vulnerable group among the newly arrived are families with children. This results from challenges that this group face with health and secure and stable housing in contrast to other newly arrived persons that are without a partner and children. Further on, newly arrived women are also a vulnerable group to consider. Therefore, there is a great need to illuminate the newly arrived families and especially women, and how they consider their health as well as their situation during their establishment process.

Aim

The aim was to shed light on the newly arrived families experience of health, with a focus on female newly arrived migrants health during their establishment.

Material and methods

The present report consists of two qualitative research studies that employed interviews. The interviews were carried out using semi-structured guides and consisted of several questions and themes. 26 interviews were carried out in total. 15 of these focused on families and 11 focused on the situation for newly arrived women. In the first study the data was analyzed by the method by Attride-Stirling and thematic network and in the second study with Burnard`s method for content analysis. Authorized translators were used. All interviews were conducted within the county of Scania.

Conclusion

Newly arrived families within the establishment process are fighting the asylum application as well as being challenged to find stable housing for their families. The children enjoyed school and the parents were driven by a determination to learn the Swedish language as well as being able to enter the Swedish labor market, although the later was considered to be a challenge for them. Some of the parents were suffering from stress due to having family12members left in home countries. Further to this the participants highlighted challenges with regard to integration in to Swedish society. When we do consider the situation of the newly arrived women, they were also seeing that family reunification is of importance and crucial for their mental well-being. The women in the present study, were eager to learn the language and to enter the labor market.In conclusion, it is of great importance to be sensitive to determinants of health such as unemployment, participation, the social life in Sweden as well as safe housing conditions with looking at certain vulnerable groups experiences of the establishment process in Sweden.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Malmö: Malmö universitet, 2020. , p. 34
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-13728ISBN: 978-91-7877-028-1 (electronic)ISBN: 978-91-7877-027-4 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mau-13728DiVA, id: diva2:1412069
Available from: 2020-03-05 Created: 2020-03-05 Last updated: 2022-03-11Bibliographically approved

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Mangrio, ElisabethCarlson, ElisabethZdravkovic, Slobodan

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