The argument in this chapter proceeds from an empirical fact and a conceptual dissatisfaction. ‘Genetic discrimination’ is now an ethical and legal issue. In countries like France, Denmark and Norway insurance companies and employers are banned from asking individuals to undergo or disclose results from genetic tests. There is backing in the Council of Europe's Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine and the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights. The term ‘discrimination’ is explicitly used in these documents. In Sweden, legislation was recently proposed by a parliamentary committee. The proposals affect both the insurance sector (previously regulated in a trade agreement) and the employment sector (previously unregulated).