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All-ceramic Fixed Partial Denture. Studies on aluminum oxide- and zirconium dioxide-based
Malmö högskola, Faculty of Odontology (OD).ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6593-0151
2005 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Keramiska material har länge använts inom tandvården för framställning av tandersättningar. Keramer har många goda egenskaper som gör dem särskilt lämpliga att använda i munnen. Viktigast är kanske att de är biokompatibla, det vill säga att de inte skadar omgivande vävnader, att de inte ger upphov till allergier eller utgör någon risk för förgiftning och att de inte bryts ner i den miljö i vilken de är tänkta att fungera. Särskilt intressanta bland keramerna är porslin som förutom nämnda fördelar har optiska egenskaper som liknar tandemaljens. Detta har bidragit till att dentalt porslin sedan många år används för att ge olika typer av tandersättningar ett ytskikt med tandliknade utseende. Broar är fastsittande tandersättningar som används när man behöver ersätta förlorade tänder. Det idag mest använda materialet för framställning av tandbroar är så kallad "metallkeramik", en kombination av en metallegering, ofta högädel, och ett porslin. Den viktigaste rollen som metallegeringen spelar är att förstärka porslinet så att det motstår de belastningar som förekommer i munnen. Metallegeringar har emellertid flera nackdelar. Dels finns det en risk att patienten är allergisk mot någon av legeringsmetallerna om de läcker ut. Metallers optiska egenskaper begränsar dessutom möjligheterna att få tandersättningarna så tandlika som man många gånger önskar, vilket försvårar förutsättningarna att framställa tandersättningar med gott estetiskt resultat. Sedan mer än 40 år har forskning pågått för att utveckla helkeramiska material som har egenskaper som tillåter framställning av broar utan metallunderstöd. Olika metoder och material har testats, men resultaten har många gånger varit nedslående; broar har spruckit efter en allt för kort tid i funktion. Inte förrän 1985 kom ett material som verkade kunna fungera och som hade teoretiska hållfasthetsvärden långt över de traditionella keramernas. Nittonhundranittiotvå presenterades flera laboratoriestudier med samma slutsats - nu fanns ett material som verkade vara tillräckligt starkt för att kunna användas till broframställning; glasinfiltrerad aluminiumoxid. Man betonade dock att kliniska långtidsstudier behövdes innan materialet kunde rekommenderas för allmänt bruk. Föreliggande arbete består av 5 delarbeten, samtliga rörande helkeramiska broar eller material som används i broarna. Delarbete 1, 3 och 5 är laboratoriestudier medan delarbete 2 och 4 är kliniska studier. I delarbete 1 undersöktes dels vilken inprovningsmetod som ger högst hållfasthet hos porslin (göra bron helt färdig på laboratoriet alternativt att prova den i munnen som halvfabrikat innan bron färdigställs), dels vilken typ av tillslipning man bör göra av tänderna som skall bära bron för att få högst brohållfasthet (s.k. skulderpreparation alternativt chamferpreparation (hålkälsprofil). Delarbete 2 är en klinisk 5-årsuppföljning av broar framställda i glasinfiltrerad aluminiumoxid och delarbete 3 jämför hållfastheten hos 2 olika bromaterial (aluminiumoxid och zirkoniumdioxid). Delarbete 4 är en klinisk 2- årsuppföljning av broar framställda i zirkoniumdioxid och slutligen delarbete 5 jämför helkeramiska broars hållfasthet beroende på om de är förankrade med tänder eller tandimplantat. Utöver dessa delarbeten finns en sammanställning av kliniska resultat från delarbete 2 och 4 efter 11±1 år (glasinfiltrerad aluminiumoxid) respektive 3 år (zirkoniumdioxid). Slutsatserna från avhandlingen är att små broar baserade på aluminiumoxid kan framställas med acceptabelt kliniskt resultat, men att hållfastheten över tid inte är lika bra som för motsvarande broar i metallkeramik. Zirkoniumdioxidbaserade broar med storlek upp till 5 tänder uppvisar lyckandefrekvenser motsvarande metallkeramik inom ramen för den tid föreliggande studie pågått. Laboratorieavsnitten i avhandlingen ger följande slutsatser: Inprovning av porslin i mun på patient bör inte göras innan glansbränning av porslinet gjorts. Vidare bör skulderpreparation väljas framför chamferpreparation för att motstå höga belastningar i bettet. Zirkoniumdioxid är starkare än aluminiumoxid, särskilt efter förbelastning, men ytporslinet på en zirkoniumoxidkrona spricker vid ungefär samma belastning som en aluminiuoxidkrona spricker genom båda skikten (både kärna och ytporslin). Slutligen antyder resultaten i delarbete 5 att helkeramiska broar bör kunna göras på implantat med minst lika bra hållfasthet som på naturliga tänder. Resultaten från laboratoriestudierna behöver emellertid bekräftas i kliniska studier innan metoden kan rekommenderas för allmänt bruk.

Abstract [en]

Background: The development of refined, tougher, and stronger ceramic core materials in recent years has led to the wider use of new, strong all-ceramic systems based on oxide ceramics. Results from in-vitro studies investigating the use of oxide ceramics in shorter all-ceramic fixed partial dentures (FPDs) have been positive, but clinical studies and additional in-vitro studies are needed to confirm the advisability of such procedures. Aims: One aim of this thesis was to investigate whether aluminabased and zirconia-based material systems are adequate for use in shorter (≤ fiveunit) FPDs and to evaluate the clinical results. Additional aims were to investigate how to achieve optimal fracture strength in an all-ceramic FPD by varying the try-in procedure, the cervical shape of the abutments, and the support of the FPD (abutment teeth or dental implants). The final aim was to compare the strength of a zirconia material system with that of an alumina equivalent with known long-term clinical performance. Materials and Methods: Two clinical studies investigating one aluminabased and one zirconia-based material system were performed. Twenty posterior, three-unit FPDs (glass-infiltrated alumina) were followed for 5 years and 20 three–fiveunit FPDs (HIP zirconia) for 2 years. Long-term follow-ups were made after 11+/-1 (glass-infiltrated alumina) and 3 years (HIP zirconia). In three in-vitro studies, the following variables were investigated: 1a) the flexural strength of porcelain specimens depending on whether they were exposed to saliva before the glaze firing (n=20) or first after the glaze firing (n=20), 1b) the fracture strength of three-unit all-ceramic FPDs (glass-infiltrated alumina) supported by abutments prepared with cervical shoulder preparations (n=9) and abutments with cervical chamfer preparations (n=9), 2) the fracture strength of crowns (n=30) made of a zirconia material system (densely sintered zirconia) and of crowns (n=30) of an alumina material system (densely sintered alumina) that had undergone three different pre-treatment modalities (water storage only; water storage and cyclic pre-loading; water storage, cyclic pre-loading, and thermocycling), 3) the fracture strength of all-ceramic FPDs (densely sintered alumina) supported by simulated teeth (n=12) or by dental implants (n=12). Results: The success rate of the clinical alumina study was 90% after 5 years. Six (+/-1) years later (after a total of 11+/-1 years), the success/survival rate was 65%. In the second clinical study, the success rates of the 2- and 3-year follow-ups were 100%. In the three in-vitro studies, the following results were found: 1a) the mean flexural strength of the specimens in the group that was exposed to saliva first after glazing was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that of the specimens in the group that was exposed to saliva before glazing, 1b) the FPDs luted on shoulder preparations resisted higher loads than the FPDs luted on chamfer preparations (P = 0.051), 2) total fractures were more frequent in the alumina than in the zirconia group (P < 0.001), 3) FPDs loaded on implants resisted higher loads (mean = 604 N, SD=184 N ) than FPDs loaded on abutment teeth (mean= 378 N, SD=152 N, P = 0.003). Conclusions: This thesis justifies the use of shorter alumina- (≤ three-unit) and zirconia-based (≤ five-unit) FPDs as the clinical results are acceptable. The clinical performance of alumina is, however, not as good as that of comparable high-gold alloy based porcelain-fused-to-metal FPDs concerning fracture resistance. Within the limitations of the in-vitro studies: Saliva exposure of porcelain before glaze firing should be avoided to optimize the strength of the porcelain. Shoulder preparations can be beneficial for the strength of all-ceramic FPDs compared to chamfer preparations, as can support by dental implants compared to abutment teeth. The fracture mode of alumina crowns (total fractures) differs from that of zirconia crowns (veneer fractures), suggesting that the zirconia core is stronger than the alumina core.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Malmö University, Centre for Oral Health Sciences , 2005.
Series
Swedish Dental Journal, Supplement, ISSN 0348-6672 ; 173
Keywords [en]
dental ceramics, dental porcelain, all-ceramic, fixed partial dentures
National Category
Dentistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-7669PubMedID: 16001730Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-21444455550Local ID: 1635ISBN: 91-628-6444-0 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mau-7669DiVA, id: diva2:1404609
Note

Paper II and IV in dissertation as manuscripts.

Available from: 2020-02-28 Created: 2020-02-28 Last updated: 2024-12-02Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Fracture strength of In-Ceram all-ceramic bridges in relation to cervical shape and try-in procedure. An in-vitro study.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Fracture strength of In-Ceram all-ceramic bridges in relation to cervical shape and try-in procedure. An in-vitro study.
Show others...
2000 (English)In: European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry, ISSN 0965-7452, Vol. 8, no 4, p. 153-158Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Investigations were performed on the strength of dental porcelain depending on whether it was exposed to saliva before or after the final firing. Forty porcelain specimens were fabricated and subjected to different treatments. A three-point flexural test was performed. In a second study investigations were performed to compare how the cervical shape of the preparation influenced the fracture strength of fixed partial dentures made of glass-infiltrated aluminium oxide. It was concluded that short-term exposure to saliva could have a negative effect on the strength of porcelain and that all-ceramic bridges luted with non-adhesive luting techniques should be supported by abutments with shoulder preparations.

National Category
Dentistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-66392 (URN)11692999 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-0034575079 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-03-20 Created: 2024-03-20 Last updated: 2024-08-29Bibliographically approved
2. Five-year evaluation of posterior all-ceramic three-unit (In-Ceram) FPDs
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Five-year evaluation of posterior all-ceramic three-unit (In-Ceram) FPDs
2001 (English)In: International Journal of Prosthodontics, ISSN 0893-2174, E-ISSN 1139-9791, Vol. 14, no 4, p. 379-384Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the properties of the In-Ceram material are adequate for use in posterior three-unit fixed partial dentures (FPD) and to evaluate the clinical method regarding preparation technique, design, and choice of cement. Materials and Methods: Eighteen patients were treated with a total of 20 posterior three-unit FPDs according to the In-Ceram technique. The FPDs were constructed with bilateral support and one pontic and were all replacing one premolar or a molar (11 replacing premolars and 9 replacing molars). They were evaluated 6 months after delivery and then once yearly. Results: Eighteen of the 20 FPDs (90%) showed no defects at any of the follow-up examinations and were functioning well after 5 years. No caries or signs of gingivitis or periodontitis exceeding those found in the rest of the dentition were registered. Conclusion: The In-Ceram technique is, in a 5-year perspective and adopted for three-unit FPDs, an acceptable treatment alternative. Further studies must, however, be performed before the material can be recommended for more extensive restorations than the FPDs included in this study.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Quintessence, 2001
National Category
Dentistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-66391 (URN)000170122700015 ()11508096 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-0035408488 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-03-20 Created: 2024-03-20 Last updated: 2024-08-29Bibliographically approved
3. Fracture strength of two oxide ceramic crown systems after cyclic pre-loading and thermocycling
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Fracture strength of two oxide ceramic crown systems after cyclic pre-loading and thermocycling
Show others...
2006 (English)In: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, E-ISSN 1365-2842, Vol. 33, no 9, p. 682-689Article in journal (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The aim of the present study was to investigate the fracture resistance of zirconia crowns and to compare the results with crowns made of a material with known clinical performance (alumina) in away that reflects clinical aspects. Sixty crowns were made, 30 identical crowns of alumina and 30 of zirconia. Each group of 30 was randomly divided into three groups of 10 crowns that were to undergo different treatments: (i) water storage only, (ii) pre-loading (10 000 cycles, 30-300 N, 1 Hz), (iii) thermocycling (5-55 degrees , 5000 cycles) + pre-loading (10 000 cycles, 30-300 N, 1 Hz). Subsequently, all 60 crowns were subjected to load until fracture occurred. There were two types of fracture: total fracture and partial fracture. Fracture strengths (N) were: group 1, alumina 905/zirconia 975 (P = 0.38); group 2, alumina 904/zirconia 1108 (P < 0.007) and group 3, alumina 917/zirconia 910 (P > 0.05). Total fractures were more frequent in the alumina group (P < 0.01). Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that there is no difference in fracture strength between crowns made with zirconia cores compared with those made of alumina if they are subjected to load without any cyclic pre-load or thermocycling. There is, however, a significant difference (P = 0.01) in the fracture mode, suggesting that the zirconia core is stronger than the alumina core. Crowns made with zirconia cores have significantly higher fracture strengths after pre-loading.

National Category
Dentistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-15493 (URN)10.1111/j.1365-2842.2005.01604.x (DOI)000239636700009 ()16922742 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-33747062117 (Scopus ID)3520 (Local ID)3520 (Archive number)3520 (OAI)
Available from: 2020-03-30 Created: 2020-03-30 Last updated: 2024-03-20Bibliographically approved
4. All-ceramic Fixed Partial Dentures Designed According to the DC-Zirkon Technique. A 2-year Clinical Study
Open this publication in new window or tab >>All-ceramic Fixed Partial Dentures Designed According to the DC-Zirkon Technique. A 2-year Clinical Study
2005 (English)In: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, E-ISSN 1365-2842, Vol. 32, no 3, p. 180-187Article in journal (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The aim of the present in-vitro study was to compare the fracture strength of all-ceramic Fixed Partial Dentures supported by tooth-analogues and periodontal membrane with the same supported by dental implants. As ceramics are highly brittle, they cannot withstand deformations of more than 0.1% without fracturing. Hence, when planning an all-ceramic FPD, it is essential to evaluate abutment sup-port, as the fracture strength of all-ceramic constructions depends on the stability of the support to reduce strain in the beam of the prosthe-sis. The support provided by implants differs, however, from the sup-port provided by natural teeth as the implants are anchored directly in the bone with no intermediate tissue. One question that arises is whether strain and stress in the prosthesis are lower when the prosthe-sis is loaded on implants compared to natural teeth and hence if all-ceramic FPDs benefit from implant support. Twenty-four three-unit all-ceramic FPDs-12 supported by two dental implants and 12 by two tooth-analogues serving as end abutments-were made. All FPDs were subjected to preloading in a preloading procedure and subsequently subjected to load until fracture occurred. Load at fracture were regis-tered and comparisons between the two groups were made. The loads at fracture were statistically significant higher in the group supported by implants compared to the group supported by tooth-analogues (p = 0.003). Within the limitations of this in-vitro study, the following con-clusions can be drawn: All-ceramic fixed partial dentures can be used in combination with dental implants. The solid support gained from implants might thus be beneficial for the outcome of such treatment due to decreased strain and stress levels in the prosthesis when loaded on implants compared to when loaded on natural teeth. Clinical stud-ies are, however, needed to confirm these findings as there are more factors that influence the final clinical outcome.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Blackwell Munksgaard, 2005
National Category
Dentistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-15603 (URN)10.1111/j.1365-2842.2004.01437.x (DOI)000226965100004 ()15707428 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-14844364021 (Scopus ID)7858 (Local ID)7858 (Archive number)7858 (OAI)
Available from: 2020-03-30 Created: 2020-03-30 Last updated: 2024-09-18Bibliographically approved
5. Use of Abutment-teeth vs. Dental Implants to Support All-ceramic Fixed Partial Dentures: An In-vitro Study on Fracture Strength
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Use of Abutment-teeth vs. Dental Implants to Support All-ceramic Fixed Partial Dentures: An In-vitro Study on Fracture Strength
2005 (English)In: Swedish Dental Journal, ISSN 0347-9994, Vol. 29, no 2, p. 53-60Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [sv]

The aim of the present in-vitro study was to compare the fracture strength of all-ceramic Fixed Partial Dentures supported by tooth-analogues and periodontal membrane with the same supported by dental implants. As ceramics are highly brittle, they cannot withstand deformations of more than 0.1% without fracturing. Hence, when planning an all-ceramic FPD, it is essential to evaluate abutment sup-port, as the fracture strength of all-ceramic constructions depends on the stability of the support to reduce strain in the beam of the prosthe-sis. The support provided by implants differs, however, from the sup-port provided by natural teeth as the implants are anchored directly in the bone with no intermediate tissue. One question that arises is whether strain and stress in the prosthesis are lower when the prosthe-sis is loaded on implants compared to natural teeth and hence if all-ceramic FPDs benefit from implant support. Twenty-four three-unit all-ceramic FPDs-12 supported by two dental implants and 12 by two tooth-analogues serving as end abutments-were made. All FPDs were subjected to preloading in a preloading procedure and subsequently subjected to load until fracture occurred. Load at fracture were regis-tered and comparisons between the two groups were made. The loads at fracture were statistically significant higher in the group supported by implants compared to the group supported by tooth-analogues (p = 0.003). Within the limitations of this in-vitro study, the following con-clusions can be drawn: All-ceramic fixed partial dentures can be used in combination with dental implants. The solid support gained from implants might thus be beneficial for the outcome of such treatment due to decreased strain and stress levels in the prosthesis when loaded on implants compared to when loaded on natural teeth. Clinical stud-ies are, however, needed to confirm these findings as there are more factors that influence the final clinical outcome.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Swedish Dental Association, 2005
National Category
Dentistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-15461 (URN)000230345900002 ()16035348 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-21344467942 (Scopus ID)7859 (Local ID)7859 (Archive number)7859 (OAI)
Available from: 2020-03-30 Created: 2020-03-30 Last updated: 2024-06-19Bibliographically approved

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