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Vetenskap eller Pseudovetenskap? En studie om elevers uppfattningar om naturvetenskap, pseudovetenskap och tillförlitlighet
Malmö högskola, School of Teacher Education (LUT), Nature-Environment-Society (NMS).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7061-533x
2010 (Swedish)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Syftet med denna licentiatavhandling är att undersöka gymnasieelevers uppfattningar om vetenskap och pseudovetenskap med anknytning till humanbiologi och hälsa. Dessutom är syftet att undersöka ungdomars uppfattningar av vad som är tillförlitlig information. Empirin består av två studier. I den första studien var syftet att kartlägga ungdomars uppfattningar om pseudovetenskap och vilka eventuella samband som fanns mellan dessa uppfattningar och kunskap i humanbiologi, lästa naturvetenskapskurser och kön. Resultatet visar att det i denna studie inte finns något samband mellan kunskap i humanbiologi och uppfattningar om pseudovetenskap. Först vid tre eller fler lästa kurser i naturvetenskap minskar tilltron till pseudovetenskap. Det fanns ingen skillnad i uppfattningar om pseudovetenskap mellan könen. I den andra studien var syftet att undersöka och analysera vilka resurser som utnyttjas när eleverna diskuterar frågor där både vetenskapliga och pseudovetenskapliga svar ges som möjlig förklaring. Fyra olika kategorier av epistemologiska resurser identifierades; relativistiska, normativa, auktoritativa och vetenskapliga, där endast de två sistnämnda innehåller någon koppling till naturvetenskap. Eleverna var till viss del övade i att ställa frågor men trots detta var det få av studenterna som använde vetenskapliga argument för att förklara sin ståndpunkt i diskussionen.

Abstract [en]

The purpose with this licentiate thesis is to investigate upper secondary students’ ideas about science and pseudoscience in the field of human biology and health. The purpose is also to investigate young peoples’ opinions about what can be counted as trustworthy information. There are two empirical parts. The first part is a survey that aims to explore what pseudoscientific ideas students in upper secondary school hold and their ideas related to their scientific knowledge concerning the human body and health. The study also seeks to investigate if there is any gender or educational differences related to these issues. The results demonstrate a lack of correlation between knowledge in science and opinions about pseudoscience. There was a correlation between studied courses in science and low belief to pseudoscience only when the students had studied three or more science courses. There were no differences in belief between the genders. In the second study the aim was to investigate and analyse what kind of recourses that are released when students discuss issues that are related to scientific, as well as non-scientific proposals of explanations. Four different categories/of epistemological resources were identified in the data; relativistic, normative, authoritative and scientific, where only the last two contain some connection to science or the scientific culture. The students were to some degree trained to raise questions, but very few of the students used scientific arguments in order to explain their point of view in the discussions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Malmö Studies in Educational Sciences , 2010. , p. 145
Series
Malmö Studies in Educational Sciences: Licentiate Dissertation Series, ISSN 1653-6037 ; 13
Keywords [sv]
tillförlitlighet, naturvetenskap, hälsa, pseudovetenskap, pedagogik, didaktik
National Category
Social Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-7649Local ID: 10357ISBN: 978-91-977103-2-9 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mau-7649DiVA, id: diva2:1404585
Note

Paper II published in dissertation as manuscript with title Students' ideas about scientific trustworthiness

Available from: 2020-02-28 Created: 2020-02-28 Last updated: 2022-07-28Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Students' Ideas Regarding Science and Pseudo-science
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Students' Ideas Regarding Science and Pseudo-science
2009 (English)In: NorDiNa: Nordic Studies in Science Education, ISSN 1504-4556, E-ISSN 1894-1257, Vol. 5, no 1, p. 3-17Article in journal (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This study investigates the pseudo-scientific and superstitious ideas Swedish upper-secondary students articulate and if there is a relationship between their ideas and their knowledge of the human body and health. The study is based on a questionnaire among 300 students in which the students were asked to consider statements related to different treatments that may influence the human body and health, and questions about physiology, health and nutrition. The analysis reveals that a relatively large group of students give credance to statements such as that some people can transfer thoughts or that the phases of the moon can affect a person’s health. The analysis also shows that there is no apparent relationship between the students’ pseudo-scientific beliefs and their scientific knowledge about the human body. Furthermore, although the results do not indicate a gender difference with regards to the power of faith in pseudo-scientific ideas, they do indicate that male and females consider these questions differently. The results imply a need for discussion and critical investigation in school science concerning the relationship between science and pseudo-scientific ideas in order to enhance critical thinking and development of the understanding of the nature of science.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Naturfagsenteret, Göteborgs Universitet, NTNU, 2009
National Category
Social Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-3052 (URN)8724 (Local ID)8724 (Archive number)8724 (OAI)
Available from: 2020-02-28 Created: 2020-02-28 Last updated: 2022-06-27Bibliographically approved
2. Scientific trustworthiness: the considerations and perceptions of students
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Scientific trustworthiness: the considerations and perceptions of students
2012 (English)In: Utbildning och Lärande / Education and Learning, ISSN 2001-4554, Vol. 6, no 2, p. 98-116Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [sv]

I den här artikeln beskrivs och diskuteras en empirisk studie där gymnasieelever diskuterar olika förklaringsmodeller kring ämnesområdet kropp och hälsa. Syftet har varit att utvärdera och analysera elevernas användning av begreppen tillförlitlighet och trovärdighet i förhåll-ande till såväl vetenskapliga som icke-vetenskapliga förklaringsmodeller. Vi har analyserat elevernas användning av olika epistemologiska resurser i argumentativa situationer. Analysen ledde fram till att eleverna använde fyra olika typer av epistemologiska resurser; relativistiska, normativa, auktoritativa och vetenskapliga. Resultaten visar att samma elev kan använda olika epistemologiska resurser vid olika tillfällen. Vi anser att vårt teoretiska ramverk som utgår från epistemologiska resurser kan bidra till att förstå hur individer använder olika förklaringsmodeller i olika sammanhang.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Högskolan i Skövde, 2012
Keywords
epistemologiska resurser, pseudovetenskap, argumentation
National Category
Educational Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-3498 (URN)15312 (Local ID)15312 (Archive number)15312 (OAI)
Available from: 2020-02-28 Created: 2020-02-28 Last updated: 2022-07-28Bibliographically approved

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