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Development of an Orofacial Esthetic Scale in prosthodontic patients
Ctr Oral Rehab, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden.
Univ Minnesota, Dept Diagnost & Biol Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA; Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA.
Malmö högskola, Faculty of Odontology (OD).
Malmö högskola, Faculty of Odontology (OD).
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2010 (English)In: International Journal of Prosthodontics, ISSN 0893-2174, E-ISSN 1139-9791, Vol. 23, no 3, p. 249-256Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

PURPOSE: Despite the interest and need to assess orofacial esthetics in prosthodontic patients, few self-reporting instruments are available to measure this construct, and none describe how prosthodontic patients perceive the appearance of their face, mouth, teeth, and dentures. The development of the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES) is reported in this article, in particular its conceptual framework, how questionnaire items were generated, and the scale's measurement model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After test conceptualization, the authors solicited esthetic concerns from 17 prosthodontic patients by asking them to evaluate their own photographs. A focus group of 8 dental professionals reduced the initial number of concerns/items and decided on an item response format. Pilot testing in 9 subjects generated the final instrument, the OES. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to investigate OES dimensionality and item analysis to investigate item difficulty and discrimination in 119 subjects. RESULTS: Prosthodontic patients generated an initial 28 esthetic concerns. These items were reduced to 8 preliminary representative items that were subsequently confirmed during pilot testing. Analysis supported 8 items assessing appearance: face, profile, mouth, tooth alignment, tooth shape, tooth color, gums, and overall impression, measured on an 11-point numeric rating scale (0 = very dissatisfied, 10 = very satisfied). Exploratory factor analysis found only 1 factor and high positive loadings for all items (.73 to .94) on the first factor, supporting the unidimensionality of the OES. CONCLUSIONS: The OES, developed especially for prosthodontic patients, is a brief questionnaire that assesses orofacial esthetic impacts.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Quintessence , 2010. Vol. 23, no 3, p. 249-256
National Category
Dentistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-6859ISI: 000278617200012PubMedID: 20552092Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-77955875977Local ID: 10980OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mau-6859DiVA, id: diva2:1403810
Available from: 2020-02-28 Created: 2020-02-28 Last updated: 2024-06-11Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Methodological studies of orofacial aesthetics, orofacial function and oral health-related quality of life
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Methodological studies of orofacial aesthetics, orofacial function and oral health-related quality of life
2010 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Det finns idag ett ökat medvetande om hur hälsa, ohälsa och vård påverkar livskvaliteten. Utveckling av olika hälsomått och livskvalitetsinstrument är ett växande forskningsområde där det är individens upplevelse i samband med ett visst tillstånd man undersöker. Sådana instrument har många användningsområden dels i direkta vårdsammanhang, dels i olika forskningsprojekt. Att uppnåförbättring avseende funktion, estetik och livskvalitet för patienterna, samt att kunna påvisa detta är betydelsefulla mål inom tandvården. Avhandlingen, som är baserad på fem delstudier, syftar till att utveckla metoder för att mäta oralt relaterad livskvalitet, orofacial funktion och orofacial estetik. Delstudie I. Ett av de mest välstuderade oralt relaterade livskvalitetsinstrumenten är Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) som innehåller 49 frågor, i 7 undergrupper. Med vetenskapligöversättningsmetodik utvecklades en svensk version, OHIP-S och denna testades på 145 patienter i fem kliniskt skilda grupper. Datapresenteras som stödjer god reliabilitet och validitet. Delstudie II. Käkfunktions-skalan (JFLS) utvecklades och 132patienter från fem diagnostiska grupper deltog. En expertgruppidentifierade 52 frågor avseende begränsad käkfunktion och med Rasch-metodologi värderades och reducerades antalet frågor. Instrumentet som omfattar 20 frågor uppvisar goda psykometriska egenskaper. Även en kortare version JFLS-8 kan användas som en övergripande skala. Delstudie III. Beskriver hur Orofaciala Estetik-skalan (OAS)utvecklades. Efter att det teoretiska begreppet Orofacial estetikdefinierats, intervjuades protetikpatienter utifrån foton av sig själva, vilket genererade 28 preliminära frågor. Efter att en fokusgrupp reducerat antalet frågor till 8 genomfördes ett pilottest, och därefter utarbetades det slutgiltiga instrumentet bestående av 8frågor rörande utseende: Ansikte, Profil, Mun, Tandrad, Tandform, Tandfärg, Tandkött och Övergripande intryck. Exploratorisk faktoranalys stödjer OAS unidimensionalitet och instrumentet är översatt till engelska. Delstudie IV. De psykometriska egenskaperna hos OAS utvärderades på 119 patienter från fyra grupper (estetiska problem, funktionella problem och två ålders- och könsmatchade kontrollgrupper).God reliabilitet och validitet kunde påvisas för OAS. Delstudie V. Normativa värden för OAS erhölls från en större postal nationell enkätundersökning (N=3000). Av de 1406individer som svarade på enkäten hade 1159 besvarat samtligafrågor. Signifikanta skillnader fanns för ålder, kön, självrapporteradoral och generell hälsa för OAS. Andelen individer som rapporterade att de var ”mycket nöjda”(10 poäng) varierade mellan 17 % (”färgen på tänderna”) och 30 % (”ansiktets utseende” och ”profil”).De utvecklade instrumenten förefaller lämpade för fortsatt forskning och som kliniska mätvariabler i populationer med funktionella och estetiska behov, såsom protetikpatienter.

Abstract [en]

Among researchers and in the general population, awareness of the impact of health and health care on the quality of human life is increasing. An important medical and dental research area that addresses this issue is health measurement scales and psychometrics. Such instruments have numerous uses, such as to screen psychosocial aspects in individual patient care, assess perceived health or disease in population surveys, measure outcome in clinical trials, and gather data for cost-utility analyses. Assessing and improving oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), orofacial function, and orofacial aesthetics are three major goals in dentalcare. The overall aim of this thesis was to describe how three assessment tools were developed—using current scientific methodology—to measure these concepts in the Swedish culture. This thesis comprises five studies. In article I, recommended guidelines were used to translate the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), an OHRQoL instrument, into Swedish. A group of 145 consecutive patients comprising five diagnostic groups participated in reliability and validity evaluations of OHIP-S, the Swedish OHIP version. Data supported excellent reliability and acceptable validity. In article II, the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS) was developed, and reliability and validity were assessed in 132consecutive patients from five diagnostic groups. An expert panel identified 52 functional limitation items. Rasch methodology reduced the number of items to 20 and assessed model fit. Three constructs were identified—mastication, vertical jaw mobility, and emotional and verbal expression—and good reliability and validity were found. The JFLS-20 is an organ-specific instrument for assessing functional status of the masticatory system while the shorter JFLS-8 assesses global functional limitation. Article III describes development of the Orofacial Aesthetic Scale (OAS), in particular its conceptual framework, measurement model, and method of questionnaire item generation. Interview and questionnaire data from 17 prosthodontic patients created an initial 28-item pool. After focus group reduction and pilot testing, a final 8-item instrument was generated. Exploratory factor analysis investigated OAS dimensionality, and item analysis was performed in 119 subjects. Forward and backward translations and reconciliation produced an English version of the instrument. Exploratory factor analysis supported OAS unidimensionality. In article IV, psychometric properties of the OAS were evaluated in 119 patients from four groups: aesthetically compromised, functional disability, and two age- and gender-matched control groups. Various methods of testing reliability and validity supported good score reliability and validity. In article V, the OAS was part of a mail survey to a national sample of 3000 persons and normative values were derived. Survey respondents totalled 1406, and missing data were analyzed. There was a significant difference in OAS for age, gender, self-reported oral health, and self-reported general health status groups. Subjects who reported extreme satisfaction (item score of 10) varied between 17% for “color of the teeth” and 30% for “appearance of face” and “profile”. The OHIP, JFLS, and OAS are considered well suited for use in research and as clinical outcome measures in patients with functional and aesthetic concerns, such as prosthodontic patients.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Malmö University, Departments of Stomatognathic Physiology and Prosthetic Dentistry, 2010
Series
Swedish Dental Journal : Supplement, ISSN 0348-6672 ; 204
National Category
Dentistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-7735 (URN)20623943 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-77954701449 (Scopus ID)10169 (Local ID)91-7104-309-8 (ISBN)10169 (Archive number)10169 (OAI)
Note

Note: The papers are not included in the fulltext online.

Paper III and IV in dissertation as accepted manuscripts.

Paper V in dissertation as manuscript with title "Assessment of orofacial aesthetics in the Swedish general population: challenges and findings."

Available from: 2020-02-28 Created: 2020-02-28 Last updated: 2024-12-02Bibliographically approved

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Larsson, PernillaNilner, KristerBondemark, LarsList, Thomas

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