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Situational sources of rule-breaking acts: an analytic criminology approach
Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), Institutionen för kriminologi (KR).ORCID-id: 0000-0002-9751-7561
2022 (Engelska)Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

Criminology has long been divided by mainly focusing on people’s propensities to commit crimes, on the one hand, and environmental characteristics conducive to crime, on the other. Such a division must be bridged to advance knowledge about why some people, but not others, commit rule-breaking acts in some environments but not in others. Furthermore, explanations require causal mechanisms explaining how the outcome, a rule-breaking act, is produced. Analytic Criminology offers a general framework for how to theoretically and empirically structure the study of crime. It does so by connecting macro- and micro-levels – structuring the convergence of certain people in certain places – through a mechanistic account. Within this framework, the situational action theory (SAT) proposes a causal mechanism explaining how said convergence triggers the perception-choice process: a rule-breaking act must first be perceived to be subsequently chosen. The main drivers during this process are the person’s crime propensity and the criminogeneity of the behaviour setting. Identifying the central components also enables the theorising of changes in crime involvement, which is the subject of the developmental ecological action (DEA) model of SAT. Drawing on data from the longitudinal project Malmö Individual and Neighbourhood Development Study, this thesis aimed to test SAT and its DEA model, thus bridging said division. It did so through four studies with specific reference to adolescents’ crime propensity, exposure to criminogenic settings, their convergence, and finally, change over time. Study I and study II investigated adolescents’ time use and connections to rule-breaking. The former examined how adolescents spend time in unsupervised and unstructured socialising with peers, during which hours of the day, in which neighbourhoods, and what level of collective efficacy the neighbourhoods have. Study II focused on adolescents’ routine activities and how they differentially place adolescents in unstructured socialising. Furthermore, it tested whether adolescents with higher crime propensity run a higher probability of reporting a rule-breaking act during unstructured socialising irrespective of their routine activities. Study III extended the situational analysis by investigating how adolescents form rule-breaking intentions in randomised scenarios depending on their morality, self-control, and the setting characteristics (varying in level of motivation and deterrence). Study IV applied a developmental perspective to key theoretical constructs derived from the DEA model, focusing on how morality, peer delinquency, and unstructured socialising change, and how the change in each is related to change in the others. Together, the studies found that adolescents with different levels of crime propensity are differently exposed to criminogenic settings but that such exposure simultaneously increases the probability of rule-breaking more for adolescents with higher crime propensity. In sum, the studies have bridged the person–place division in different ways by being rooted in a mechanistic account of rule-breaking, which is proposed as a way forward for criminology as a discipline. 

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Malmö: Malmö universitet, 2022. , s. 106
Serie
Malmö University Health and Society Dissertations, ISSN 1653-5383 ; 2022:7
Nyckelord [en]
adolescents, collective efficacy, crime propensity, delinquency, mechanisms, morality, peers, rule-breaking, self-control, situational action theory, time-use, unstructured socialising
Nationell ämneskategori
Juridik och samhälle
Forskningsämne
Kriminologi
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-52438DOI: 10.24834/isbn.9789178772797ISBN: 978-91-7877-278-0 (tryckt)ISBN: 978-91-7877-279-7 (digital)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mau-52438DiVA, id: diva2:1668712
Disputation
2022-09-09, Aulan, Fakulteten Hälsa och Samhälle, Jan Waldenströms gata 25, Malmö, 10:00 (Engelska)
Opponent
Handledare
Tillgänglig från: 2022-06-14 Skapad: 2022-06-13 Senast uppdaterad: 2022-11-07Bibliografiskt granskad
Delarbeten
1. The when, where and who of unstructured socialising: associations to crime propensity, collective efficacy and delinquency
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>The when, where and who of unstructured socialising: associations to crime propensity, collective efficacy and delinquency
2022 (Engelska)Manuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Nationell ämneskategori
Juridik och samhälle
Forskningsämne
Kriminologi
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-52771 (URN)
Tillgänglig från: 2022-06-14 Skapad: 2022-06-14 Senast uppdaterad: 2023-07-04Bibliografiskt granskad
2. From structural time use to situational rule-breaking: Analysing adolescents’ time use and the person-setting interaction
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>From structural time use to situational rule-breaking: Analysing adolescents’ time use and the person-setting interaction
2023 (Engelska)Ingår i: European Journal of Criminology, ISSN 1477-3708, E-ISSN 1741-2609, Vol. 20, nr 6, s. 1804-1828Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

While unsupervised and unstructured socialising with peers is associated with delinquency, less is known about to what extent it fits within adolescents’ daily routine activities; that is, their general, structural time use. Furthermore, research informed by the situational action theory shows that unstructured socialising increases the probability of rule-breaking acts more for individuals with higher crime propensity. Hence, structural time use might explain patterns of unstructured socialising, and crime propensity might explain why some are at an increased risk of committing rule-breaking acts during such situations. The present study aims to connect these three aspects and examine: (i) how adolescents tend to structure their time use, (ii) if their structural time use differentially places them in unstructured socialising, and (iii) whether some adolescents during unstructured socialising run an elevated risk of committing rule-breaking acts due to their morality (as part of their crime propensity) while also taking their structural time use into account. Using a sample of 512 adolescents (age 16) in Sweden, time use and morality are analysed using latent class analysis based on space-time budget data and a self-report questionnaire. Multilevel linear probability models are utilised to examine how rule-breaking acts result from an interaction between an individual’s morality and unstructured socialising, also taking structural time use into account. Results show that the likelihood of unstructured socialising in private but not in public is different across identified latent classes. Adolescents, in general, run an elevated risk of rule-breaking acts during unstructured socialising, irrespective of structural time use. In this study, these acts consist mainly of alcohol consumption. However, the risk is higher for adolescents with lower morality. Adolescents’ time use may account for a general pattern of delinquency, but accounting for rule-breaking acts requires knowledge of the interaction between person and setting.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Sage Publications, 2023
Nyckelord
Morality, space-time budget, unstructured socialising, latent class analysis, time-use, situational action theory
Nationell ämneskategori
Tvärvetenskapliga studier inom samhällsvetenskap
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-51487 (URN)10.1177/14773708221097657 (DOI)000797538600001 ()2-s2.0-85132644996 (Scopus ID)
Forskningsfinansiär
Vetenskapsrådet, Grant No. 2012-05545/HS24-09/1055
Tillgänglig från: 2022-05-17 Skapad: 2022-05-17 Senast uppdaterad: 2023-10-18Bibliografiskt granskad
3. Intention to act: testing the interaction between morality and self-control using randomised scenarios
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Intention to act: testing the interaction between morality and self-control using randomised scenarios
(Engelska)Ingår i: Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Submitted
Nationell ämneskategori
Juridik och samhälle
Forskningsämne
Kriminologi
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-52773 (URN)
Tillgänglig från: 2022-06-14 Skapad: 2022-06-14 Senast uppdaterad: 2023-07-04Bibliografiskt granskad
4. Morality, delinquent peer association, and criminogenic exposure: (How) does change predict change?
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Morality, delinquent peer association, and criminogenic exposure: (How) does change predict change?
2022 (Engelska)Ingår i: European Journal of Criminology, ISSN 1477-3708, E-ISSN 1741-2609, Vol. 19, nr 2, s. 282-303, artikel-id 1477370819896216Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

According to the Situational Action Theory, stronger morality inhibits the perception of alternatives to law-breaking action, thus lessening the probability of crime and delinquency. Research indicates that morality might be affected by delinquent peer association and in turn affect criminogenic exposure. This article studies how morality develops during late adolescence using data from the longitudinal project Malmo Individual and Neighbourhood Development Study. Using linear growth modelling, the study finds that a decrease in morality is associated with a simultaneous increase in delinquency peer association. No change in criminogenic exposure was detected. The results are discussed alongside theoretical and methodological implications.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Sage Publications, 2022
Nyckelord
Criminogenic exposure, delinquent peer association, development, linear growth modelling, morality, Situational Action Theory
Nationell ämneskategori
Juridik och samhälle
Forskningsämne
Kriminologi
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-13829 (URN)10.1177/1477370819896216 (DOI)000507045800001 ()
Tillgänglig från: 2020-03-24 Skapad: 2020-03-24 Senast uppdaterad: 2023-07-04Bibliografiskt granskad

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