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Normative values for the Oro-facial Esthetic Scale in Sweden
Malmö högskola, Faculty of Odontology (OD).
Malmö högskola, Faculty of Odontology (OD).
Malmö högskola, Faculty of Odontology (OD).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9638-4648
2014 (English)In: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, E-ISSN 1365-2842, Vol. 41, no 2, p. 148-154Article in journal (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This study reports the findings and challenges of the assessment of oro-facial aesthetics in the Swedish general population and the development of normative values for the self-reporting Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES). In a Swedish national sample of 1406 adult subjects (response rate: 47%), OES decile norms were established. The influence of sociodemographics (gender, age, and education), oral health status and general health status on OES scores was analysed. Mean ± standard deviation of OES scores was 50.3 ± 15.6 units (0, worst score; 70, best score); <1% of the subjects had the minimum score of 0, and 11% had the maximum score of 70 OES units. Orofacial Esthetic Scale score differences were (i) substantial (>5 OES units) for subjects with excellent/very good versus good to poor oral or general health status; ii) small (2 units), but statistically significant for gender (P = 0.01) and two age groups (P = 0.02), and (iii) absent for subjects with college versus no college education (P = 0.31) or with and without dentures (P = 0.90). To estimate normative values for a self-reporting health status, instrument is considered an important step in standardisation, and the developed norms provide a frame of reference in the general population to interpret the Orofacial Esthetic Scale scores

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2014. Vol. 41, no 2, p. 148-154
National Category
Dentistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-5994DOI: 10.1111/joor.12121ISI: 000329945800010PubMedID: 24372184Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-84892896238Local ID: 18009OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mau-5994DiVA, id: diva2:1402882
Available from: 2020-02-28 Created: 2020-02-28 Last updated: 2024-02-05Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Methodological studies of orofacial aesthetics, orofacial function and oral health-related quality of life
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Methodological studies of orofacial aesthetics, orofacial function and oral health-related quality of life
2010 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Det finns idag ett ökat medvetande om hur hälsa, ohälsa och vård påverkar livskvaliteten. Utveckling av olika hälsomått och livskvalitetsinstrument är ett växande forskningsområde där det är individens upplevelse i samband med ett visst tillstånd man undersöker. Sådana instrument har många användningsområden dels i direkta vårdsammanhang, dels i olika forskningsprojekt. Att uppnåförbättring avseende funktion, estetik och livskvalitet för patienterna, samt att kunna påvisa detta är betydelsefulla mål inom tandvården. Avhandlingen, som är baserad på fem delstudier, syftar till att utveckla metoder för att mäta oralt relaterad livskvalitet, orofacial funktion och orofacial estetik. Delstudie I. Ett av de mest välstuderade oralt relaterade livskvalitetsinstrumenten är Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) som innehåller 49 frågor, i 7 undergrupper. Med vetenskapligöversättningsmetodik utvecklades en svensk version, OHIP-S och denna testades på 145 patienter i fem kliniskt skilda grupper. Datapresenteras som stödjer god reliabilitet och validitet. Delstudie II. Käkfunktions-skalan (JFLS) utvecklades och 132patienter från fem diagnostiska grupper deltog. En expertgruppidentifierade 52 frågor avseende begränsad käkfunktion och med Rasch-metodologi värderades och reducerades antalet frågor. Instrumentet som omfattar 20 frågor uppvisar goda psykometriska egenskaper. Även en kortare version JFLS-8 kan användas som en övergripande skala. Delstudie III. Beskriver hur Orofaciala Estetik-skalan (OAS)utvecklades. Efter att det teoretiska begreppet Orofacial estetikdefinierats, intervjuades protetikpatienter utifrån foton av sig själva, vilket genererade 28 preliminära frågor. Efter att en fokusgrupp reducerat antalet frågor till 8 genomfördes ett pilottest, och därefter utarbetades det slutgiltiga instrumentet bestående av 8frågor rörande utseende: Ansikte, Profil, Mun, Tandrad, Tandform, Tandfärg, Tandkött och Övergripande intryck. Exploratorisk faktoranalys stödjer OAS unidimensionalitet och instrumentet är översatt till engelska. Delstudie IV. De psykometriska egenskaperna hos OAS utvärderades på 119 patienter från fyra grupper (estetiska problem, funktionella problem och två ålders- och könsmatchade kontrollgrupper).God reliabilitet och validitet kunde påvisas för OAS. Delstudie V. Normativa värden för OAS erhölls från en större postal nationell enkätundersökning (N=3000). Av de 1406individer som svarade på enkäten hade 1159 besvarat samtligafrågor. Signifikanta skillnader fanns för ålder, kön, självrapporteradoral och generell hälsa för OAS. Andelen individer som rapporterade att de var ”mycket nöjda”(10 poäng) varierade mellan 17 % (”färgen på tänderna”) och 30 % (”ansiktets utseende” och ”profil”).De utvecklade instrumenten förefaller lämpade för fortsatt forskning och som kliniska mätvariabler i populationer med funktionella och estetiska behov, såsom protetikpatienter.

Abstract [en]

Among researchers and in the general population, awareness of the impact of health and health care on the quality of human life is increasing. An important medical and dental research area that addresses this issue is health measurement scales and psychometrics. Such instruments have numerous uses, such as to screen psychosocial aspects in individual patient care, assess perceived health or disease in population surveys, measure outcome in clinical trials, and gather data for cost-utility analyses. Assessing and improving oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), orofacial function, and orofacial aesthetics are three major goals in dentalcare. The overall aim of this thesis was to describe how three assessment tools were developed—using current scientific methodology—to measure these concepts in the Swedish culture. This thesis comprises five studies. In article I, recommended guidelines were used to translate the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), an OHRQoL instrument, into Swedish. A group of 145 consecutive patients comprising five diagnostic groups participated in reliability and validity evaluations of OHIP-S, the Swedish OHIP version. Data supported excellent reliability and acceptable validity. In article II, the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS) was developed, and reliability and validity were assessed in 132consecutive patients from five diagnostic groups. An expert panel identified 52 functional limitation items. Rasch methodology reduced the number of items to 20 and assessed model fit. Three constructs were identified—mastication, vertical jaw mobility, and emotional and verbal expression—and good reliability and validity were found. The JFLS-20 is an organ-specific instrument for assessing functional status of the masticatory system while the shorter JFLS-8 assesses global functional limitation. Article III describes development of the Orofacial Aesthetic Scale (OAS), in particular its conceptual framework, measurement model, and method of questionnaire item generation. Interview and questionnaire data from 17 prosthodontic patients created an initial 28-item pool. After focus group reduction and pilot testing, a final 8-item instrument was generated. Exploratory factor analysis investigated OAS dimensionality, and item analysis was performed in 119 subjects. Forward and backward translations and reconciliation produced an English version of the instrument. Exploratory factor analysis supported OAS unidimensionality. In article IV, psychometric properties of the OAS were evaluated in 119 patients from four groups: aesthetically compromised, functional disability, and two age- and gender-matched control groups. Various methods of testing reliability and validity supported good score reliability and validity. In article V, the OAS was part of a mail survey to a national sample of 3000 persons and normative values were derived. Survey respondents totalled 1406, and missing data were analyzed. There was a significant difference in OAS for age, gender, self-reported oral health, and self-reported general health status groups. Subjects who reported extreme satisfaction (item score of 10) varied between 17% for “color of the teeth” and 30% for “appearance of face” and “profile”. The OHIP, JFLS, and OAS are considered well suited for use in research and as clinical outcome measures in patients with functional and aesthetic concerns, such as prosthodontic patients.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Malmö University, Departments of Stomatognathic Physiology and Prosthetic Dentistry, 2010
Series
Swedish Dental Journal : Supplement, ISSN 0348-6672 ; 204
National Category
Dentistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-7735 (URN)20623943 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-77954701449 (Scopus ID)10169 (Local ID)91-7104-309-8 (ISBN)10169 (Archive number)10169 (OAI)
Note

Note: The papers are not included in the fulltext online.

Paper III and IV in dissertation as accepted manuscripts.

Paper V in dissertation as manuscript with title "Assessment of orofacial aesthetics in the Swedish general population: challenges and findings."

Available from: 2020-02-28 Created: 2020-02-28 Last updated: 2024-12-02Bibliographically approved

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Larsson, PernillaNilner, KristerList, Thomas

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