The thesis focuses on the salience of memory in the European Parliament after the Eastern Enlargement. Given the fact that after the fall of the Soviet Union memory and “Russia as a threat” perception in Lithuania have been linked, the aim is to investigate how Lithuanian Members of the European Parliament portrayed Russia using the memory of Soviet Communism in the European Parliament in 2009-2019, where the midpoint is 2014 – the time around the Maidan Revolution, subsequent incursion by Russia into Ukraine that brought uncertainty about its own security to Lithuania, and the European Parliament election. The qualitative analysis, applying hermeneutics as the research method, encompasses thirty-eight verbatim reports selected from the European Parliament sessions: there are sixteen statements chosen from the seventh European Parliament term (2009-2014) and twenty-two from the eighth term (2014-2019). The results of the analysis reveal that in both terms the Lithuanian Members of the European Parliament, referring to the memory of Soviet Communism in their statements, drew a connection between the Soviet Union and present-day Russia very consistently. The latter is presented as an imperial state of reborn despotism, tyranny and fascism, that inter alia poses danger to its neighbors, suppresses opposition and protests domestically, uses Stalinist terms and methods to persecute, as well as threatens the whole European Union by its propaganda and blackmail.