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Acid tolerance in early colonizers of oral biofilms
Malmö universitet, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD). Malmö universitet, Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces.
Malmö universitet, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD). Malmö universitet, Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces.ORCID-id: 0000-0001-5888-664X
Malmö universitet, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD). Malmö universitet, Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces.
2021 (engelsk)Inngår i: BMC Microbiology, E-ISSN 1471-2180, Vol. 21, nr 1, artikkel-id 45Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

BACKGROUND: In caries, low pH drives selection and enrichment of acidogenic and aciduric bacteria in oral biofilms, and development of acid tolerance in early colonizers is thought to play a key role in this shift. Since previous studies have focussed on planktonic cells, the effect of biofilm growth as well as the role of a salivary pellicle on this process is largely unknown. We explored acid tolerance and acid tolerance response (ATR) induction in biofilm cells of both clinical and laboratory strains of three oral streptococcal species (Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus mutans) as well as two oral species of Actinomyces (A. naeslundii and A. odontolyticus) and examined the role of salivary proteins in acid tolerance development.

METHODS: Biofilms were formed on surfaces in Ibidi® mini flow cells with or without a coating of salivary proteins and acid tolerance assessed by exposing them to a challenge known to kill non-acid tolerant cells (pH 3.5 for 30 min) followed by staining with LIVE/DEAD BacLight and confocal scanning laser microscopy. The ability to induce an ATR was assessed by exposing the biofilms to an adaptation pH (pH 5.5) for 2 hours prior to the low pH challenge.

RESULTS: Biofilm formation significantly increased acid tolerance in all the clinical streptococcal strains (P < 0.05) whereas the laboratory strains varied in their response. In biofilms, S. oralis was much more acid tolerant than S. gordonii or S. mutans. A. naeslundii showed a significant increase in acid tolerance in biofilms compared to planktonic cells (P < 0.001) which was not seen for A. odontolyticus. All strains except S. oralis induced an ATR after pre-exposure to pH 5.5 (P < 0.05). The presence of a salivary pellicle enhanced both acid tolerance development and ATR induction in S. gordonii biofilms (P < 0.05) but did not affect the other bacteria to the same extent.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that factors such as surface contact, the presence of a salivary pellicle and sensing of environmental pH can contribute to the development of high levels of acid tolerance amongst early colonizers in oral biofilms which may be important in the initiation of caries.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
BioMed Central, 2021. Vol. 21, nr 1, artikkel-id 45
Emneord [en]
Acid tolerance response, Actinomyces, Pellicle, Salivary proteins, Streptococci
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-41154DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02089-2ISI: 000617808500001PubMedID: 33583397Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85101037383OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mau-41154DiVA, id: diva2:1536211
Tilgjengelig fra: 2021-03-10 Laget: 2021-03-10 Sist oppdatert: 2024-10-28bibliografisk kontrollert
Inngår i avhandling
1. Environmental effects on the acid tolerance of oral biofilms
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Environmental effects on the acid tolerance of oral biofilms
2024 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

This thesis investigates the acid tolerance (AT) of oral biofilms and how this property is affected by changes in the local environment, to further understand the phenotypical modifications of the bacterial communities that occur during caries development.

Paper I explored the effect of biofilm growth and presence of salivary proteins on the AT of five oral species, as well as their ability to induce an acid tolerance response (ATR). The results show that surface contact, presence of salivary proteins and sensing of environmental pH can contribute to high levels of AT.

In paper II, the AT, metabolic profile and microbial composition of plaque samples from children with oral health and children with severe caries were compared. Differences between the two groups were observed in organic acid production and species composition of the plaque samples, and significantly higher levels of AT was observed in plaque collected from caries active children.

In paper III, the effect of probiotic strains on the ATR of four oral species when grown in dual-species biofilms was investigated. The results showed that the presence of the probiotic strain L. reuteri PTA5289 was able to inhibit the ATR of oral species and led to a down-regulation of three key genes involved in acid stress tolerance.

The results of this thesis suggest that many species of the oral biofilm can obtain high levels of acid tolerance and that signals in the extracellular environment contribute to an increase and decrease of this property. Biofilm AT might therefore be a future focus in the development of new predictive biomarkers and therapeutic interventions for dental caries.

Abstract [sv]

Avhandlingen undersöker orala biofilmers syratolerans (AT) och hur denna egenskap påverkas av ändringar i den omgivande miljön. Detta för att närmare första de fenotypiska förändringar som de orala bakterierna genomgår under kariesutveckling.

I delarbete I analyseras hur växt i biofilm och närvaro av salivproteiner påverkar 5 orala bakteriearters AT samt deras förmåga att utveckla en ATR. Resultaten av studien visar att adhesion till en yta, närvaro av salivprotein och pH-förändringar i den omgivande miljön kan bidra till höga nivåer av syratolerans hos orala bakterier.

I delarbete II undersöks kliniska plackprover från barn med hög kariesaktivitet med plackprover från barn utan tecken på kariesaktivitet, vad gäller bakteriernas AT, kolhydratmetabolism och inbördes komposition. Skillnader i produktionen av organiska syror och bakteriell komposition kunde ses mellan de två grupperna och signifikant högre nivåer av AT visades i plackprover från barnen med hög kariesaktivitet.

I delarbete III, undersöktes effekten av probiotiska bakterier på orala arters AT. Resultaten av studien visar att närvaro av den probiotiska arten L. reuteri PTA5289 inhiberade utvecklingen av en ATR hos de orala arterna och ledde till en nedreglering av tre gener involverade i ATR.

Resultaten i denna avhandling indikerar att många orala arter kan uppnå höga nivåer av syratolerans och att denna egenskap kan påverkas av signaler i den omgivande miljön. AT hos orala biofilmer kan därför vara ett framtida fokusområde vid utvecklingen av nya prediktiva biomarkörer och terapeutiska interventioner för karies.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Malmö University Press, 2024. s. 74
Serie
Doctoral Dissertation in Odontology
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-71794 (URN)10.24834/isbn.9789178775514 (DOI)978-91-7877-550-7 (ISBN)978-91-7877-551-4 (ISBN)
Disputas
2024-11-22, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, 09:00 (engelsk)
Opponent
Veileder
Merknad

Paper II in dissertation as manuscript.

Tilgjengelig fra: 2024-10-28 Laget: 2024-10-28 Sist oppdatert: 2024-10-29bibliografisk kontrollert

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